Surging Inflation Impacts Upon Consumer Finances

April 30, 2009


Earlier this week the publication of a new study suggested that the British public is experiencing much greater financial pressure than the government figures indicate.

According to statistics released by the Motley Fool, some nine out of ten consumers believe that the cost of living is rising by 7.3 per cent - about three times higher than the official number of 2.5 per cent. Overall, two out of three believe their personal inflation lies between four and nine per cent, with one in five people claiming is stands between ten and 15 per cent.

Meanwhile, those in Scotland suggested that inflation currently stands at 6.3 per cent - a fall from the 7.5 per cent noted in January. On the other hand, Northern Ireland consumers could be facing a particular increase in difficulties with their day-to-day finances as they claim to face an inflation rate of 8.1 per cent - the highest figure noted in the country and up by 0.4 percentage points from six months ago.

David Kuo, head of personal finance for the firm, said: “Older people, especially those who rely on retirement income, are some of the worst affected. Furthermore, people relying on the basic state pension, which will only rise in line with government inflation figures, may feel the pinch even more. Inflation is sometimes called the hidden risk because it quietly chips away at the buying power of the pound in our pockets. But it’s hard to disguise a chip when it becomes a chunk.”

Consequently he suggested that inflation is not “whittling away” consumers’ income as official figures suggest but rather is leading towards a significant rise in debt problems. “For one in five people, the buying power of the pound in their pockets is being eroded at over twice this rate,” Mr Kuo claimed.

Consumers aged 58 and over claimed inflation rates currently stand at 7.1 per cent, which could see these people particularly facing debt problems. Meanwhile, those between 42 and 49-years-old claimed the highest rises in living costs at 7.6 per cent. However, although young people were said to have been the least affected, they claimed living costs had risen to 6.9 per cent a rise of a full percentage point since January.

But, in a challenge to the Motley Fool figures, research from Birmingham Midshires’ Life 2 campaign has indicated that those over the age of 55 see themselves are being financially comfortable. Some 19 per cent of those in the group claim they can afford the social life they want, with one in ten reported to be “totally satisfied” they can afford to indulge themselves.

However, only one in 50 of 18 to 24-year-olds were said to hold this level of satisfaction. The study from the financial services firm also indicated that just over half (55 per cent) of consumers aged above 55 with both a state and personal pension account say that they are confident that they can afford day-to-day expenses in later life, the largest proportion recorded among any working group. Meanwhile, this figure was said to have fallen to 15 per cent for Britons with just a state pension.

Jason Robinson, director of savings operations for Birmingham Midshires said: “The over - 55s are facing enormous change in their lives and many may be apprehensive about their retirement.”The director added: “It’s great news that many people can look forward to financial and social freedom in later life - but, of course, the more money they have coming in from pensions and savings the more enjoyable retirement will be.”

However, with inflation rates higher than officials figures and the government announcing yesterday that interest rates are rise to 5.75 per cent consumers of all ages could find their day-to-day finances squeezed.
Abbi Rouse writes for 1 stop finance shop where visitors can apply for UK debt consolidation loans and also focuses on cheap personal loans and bad credit secured loans for UK residents.

Cancellation of Private Mortgage Insurance Federal Law May Save You Hundreds of Dollars Each Year

April 30, 2009


If you put less than 20 percent down on a home mortgage, lenders often require you to have Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). PMI protects the lender if you default on the loan. The Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 - which became effective in 1999 - establishes rules for automatic termination and borrower cancellation of PMI on home mortgages. These protections apply to certain home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999 for the purchase, initial construction, or refinance of a single-family home. These protections do not apply to government-insured FHA or VA loans or to loans with lender-paid PMI.

For home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999, your PMI must - with certain exceptions - be terminated automatically when you reach 22 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current. Your PMI also can be canceled, when you request - with certain exceptions - when you reach 20 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current.

One exception is if your loan is “high-risk.” Another is if you have not been current on your payments within the year prior to the time for termination or cancellation. A third is if you have other liens on your property. For these loans, your PMI may continue. Ask your lender or mortgage servicer (a company that collects your payments) for more information about these requirements.

If you signed your mortgage before July 29, 1999, you can ask to have the PMI canceled once you exceed 20 percent equity in your home. But federal law does not require your lender or mortgage servicer to cancel the insurance.

On a $100,000 loan with 10 percent down ($10,000), PMI might cost you $40 a month. If you can cancel the PMI, you can save $480 a year and many thousands of dollars over the loan. Check your annual escrow account statement or call your lender to find out exactly how much PMI is costing you each year.

Additional provisions in the law
New borrowers covered by the law must be told - at closing and once a year - about PMI termination and cancellation.
Mortgage servicers must provide a telephone number for all their mortgage borrowers to call for information about termination and cancellation of PMI.
Even though the law’s termination and cancellation rights do not cover loans that were signed before July 29, 1999, or loans with lender-paid PMI signed on any date, lenders or mortgage servicers must tell borrowers about the termination or cancellation rights they may otherwise have under those loans (such as rights established by the contract or state law).

Next Steps

Some states may have laws that apply to early termination or cancellation of PMI - even if you signed your mortgage before July 29, 1999. Call your state consumer protection agency for more information about your state’s rules. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which buy home mortgages from lenders, also may have guidelines affecting termination or cancellation of PMI on home mortgages signed before July 29, 1999. Check with your lender or mortgage servicer, or call Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, for more information.
Ameen Kamadia, known as “The Millionaire Loan Officer” offers dozens of free articles about mortgage marketing. Get dozens of great cheap lead generation ideas at his free Mortgage Marketing website.

What To Do When Your Credit Card Is Lost Or Stolen

April 29, 2009


Unfortunately, wallets and purses do get stolen or lost on a regular basis. Your biggest concern is usually the fact that your credit cards are missing. If this happens to you, do you have a plan of action? Well, you should. It really isn’t as daunting to come up with a credit card action plan as it seems like it should be. All reputable credit card companies have a set policy that helps to protect you against loss or theft. All you need to know is how to get this policy to work for you.

Help! My Credit Card Was Stolen!

Never fear, help is here! The first thing you need to do is report the stolen card to the company as soon as possible. Most companies have a toll-free number or an online service that deals solely with this problem.

Fortunately for you, federal law dictates that you are only liable for the first $50.00 of any fraudulent charges made on a charge card. Still, you are required to report the lost or stolen card even though you’re not going to take a huge hit. Here’s a little extra incentive to make the call fast: If you report the loss or theft before any unauthorized use, you don’t even pay the $50.00.

Many card issuers are waiving the $50 exposure, so check the details on your credit card offer.

After the card is gone, make sure you pay attention to every charge on the bill. Whatever shows up that isn’t yours, notify the card company in writing immediately. Make sure to include in the letter the date in which you notified the company that your card was lost or stolen and send it to the billing errors address. Do not send the letter with your payment. It will get lost in the shuffle.

If your card was a debit card, things may work a bit different. The amount of liability you are responsible for depends directly on how quickly you report it lost or stolen. If it is done before it has been used, again you are not responsible for any fraudulent charges. If you wait, even as little as two business days, you could be held liable for up to $500.00 of any fraudulent charges found on the card.

Once your card is gone and you have reported it, review your bills. Make your bank aware of any questionable deductions from your account that occurred during the time your card was lost or stolen. A phone call is great, but follow it up with a certified letter and include the day you reported your card stolen or lost. This should absolve you of any liability.

The best way to avoid stolen or lost cards is to keep track of them. Know where they are at all times and keep your pin number a secret. Also, don’t use a pin number that is easy to figure out such as your birth date or phone number. Make it a number that only makes sense to you and keep it that way.
Dwayne Garrett is the creator of the # 1 Credit Resource site on the Internet that offers a place where you can search, compare and apply for the best credit cards available. Visit: http://www.TheCreditCardResource.com

Fax Free Bad Credit Payday Loan

April 29, 2009


Fax free bad credit payday loan is a hassle free procedure to get quick cash to meet an emergency cash need. You can get cash advance series even if you have a bad credit history without faxing any document or having a credit check. Bankruptcy or foreclosure is not a hurdle in getting bad credit payday loan.

No Credit Check

Bad credit advance cash does not check your credit to qualify you for the loan. Lenders just verify that whether you are able to repay the loan or not. When you compare it with personal loan or other traditional loans, you will find it very easy and convenient. However, interest rates of bad credit payday loan are much higher as compared to other personal loans. However, this is understandable. As these loans are high-risk short-term loans, therefore the lenders try to minimize their risk by charging higher interest rates for the loans.

Simple Procedure

Procedure for getting the loan is very simple. Several online companies offer payday cash that do not ask for faxing the documents. It is possible to apply online with any of these companies. All you have to do is fill an online form. Your personal information, name of your employer and pay details and bank account details is all that you need to fill the application form for instant online payday loans. These online companies process applications very fast. In some cases, payday loans are sanctioned immediately and you get the required amount of money in your account within an hour of applying for bad credit loan.

It is possible to borrow from the bad credit cash advance series for the amount up to 1000 dollars. Some companies lend even more amount of money. However, you should always keep in mind that payday loans are meant for a short-term emergency cash need. You should not consider it as a regular source of borrowing the money. Borrowing money without a reasonable and sufficient requirement will cost you a lot of money.

Minimize the Cost

Before applying for payday loan, do your research thoroughly. Compare the interest charges of different online lending companies. Some companies offer discounted interest rates for new customers. However, they may charge you a higher interest rate if you have a bad credit rating. As interest rates are higher and interest accrues every day, you should borrow minimum possible amount. Furthermore, delay borrowing until the very last day to minimize the cost of the loan.

Repayment of this type of payday loan is also very simple. Borrowed amount plus interest charges are automatically withdrawn from you bank account when you receive you paycheck.
Need instant cash? Check out no teletrack payday loans for quick cash advance guaranteed approval. Also read our useful articles on tricks & tips to lower mortgage interest rates.

Bigger Not Always Better Large Banks Vs Small Banks

April 28, 2009


What are you looking for in a bank? Are you more concerned about having extensive access to your account at all times or is your experiences with those that work in the bank every day? Depending upon how you answer that question and others, will go a long way in determining whether you would be happier with a large bank or a small one. Naturally, there are very clear-cut differences between larger financial institutions with multiple branches across the state or country and the small local bank that may have only one location in the county.

There are several factors that should be considered when it comes to a comparison between these two different types of institutions. None of them is more important than what kind of service you as the potential customer prefer. The best way to illuminate the differences is to compare the pros and cons of each one and let you, the customer, decide where you would be more comfortable doing business.

One of the biggest advantages of the large bank is sheer coverage. There are often multiple branches not only in a town or city but even across the country. Consequently, with so many locations spread out across a broad area, it is more likely that you will also have better ATM coverage provided by that banking network. You will not have to worry about paying extra services charges to make use of the ATM. Another advantage of bigger banks is the fact that even if you have to relocate, you will not have to transfer bank accounts and account numbers. This is a big plus for renters and those who have to move to a different city for business reasons.

Some of the cons of bigger banks only become obvious when you deal with them over time. Naturally, unlike a smaller bank, you are less likely to have that personal touch, and interaction with certain tellers and other bank employees. Bigger banks have large departments and customer service representatives handling issues sometimes from all over the country, depending upon the size of the institution. Another disadvantage is the fact there are typically far more fees associated with bigger banks and their practices than you will find in smaller banks. Personal service may take a backseat to other affairs when dealing with bureaucracy in the bank setting. (You are less likely to get assistance with loans and small business services in the larger bank setting.)

What are the advantages of the small bank? First of all, you have genuine personal attention and a stronger connection between bank worker and customer. In the smaller bank setting, you will be able to get assistance with loans. It is not uncommon to speak directly with the person in charge of approving a loan whereas in a larger bank setting you would never have access to someone in that executive capacity. Smaller banks are apt to work with their customers especially in cases with overdrawn accounts, account mistakes, etc. Of course, the common disadvantages have much to do with mobility of account and access to ATMs. With the former, if you have to move you may have to change bank accounts entirely since a branch may not exist in your new locations. With the latter, there are less ATMs associated with your bank so you will have to pay those extra fees for using another bank’s ATM.

Certainly, there may be other differences not mentioned here, but those highlighted should suffice to show you some of the obvious differences between these two kinds of banks. The only question is, “Which one would you rather use?”
Peter Kenny is a writer for The Thrifty Scot, please visit us at Compare Remortgages and Home Equity Loan Visit Banks Set To Announce Record Profits

Is Student Loan Consolidation Good

April 28, 2009


Consolidating your student loan(s) is one of the smartest things that you can do. You should consider a student consolidation loan if you have several federal student loans or even just one large one.

Student consolidation loans will have fixed interest rates which are similar to those of the loans that are being consolidated. The amount that you can save through consolidation can be up to 58%.

Federal Stafford loans, Federal Direct Loans, Federal Perkins Loans as well as many others can be consolidated. Most of the time, they already have low rates.

Advantages

- You will have a single loan payment which is often lower than what you currently pay.
- It is easy to set up.
- It will help lower your debt burden.
- You can secure the lowest interest rate at the time.
- It can help you qualify for new or renewed deferments.

What To Consider

When you consolidate, make sure that the interest rate that you are offered is lower than your current rate. You want to pay off your student debt easier and maybe quicker too.

While consolidation can simplify the loan repayment process and lower your monthly payment, in the long run it usually increases the total amount that you will have to pay.

Student loan consolidation provides lower monthly payments by allowing you to spread the loan over 30 years in some cases. You are paying more payments, so be sure to compare the total cost of repaying your unconsolidated loans with the cost of repaying them through the consolidation loan.

The process of consolidating is very flexible. Consolidation is available from before you graduate down through years of repayment.

First, you need to gather information about your current loan. You need to know the balances and the interest rates, the names and addresses of companies and the names and addresses of personal references. The National Student Loan Data System can help provide you with the information that you need since it holds the most complete and accurate information for federal loans.

Paying Them Back

You will have 2 options to pay these loans back.

1. Pay a standard amount each month. This will include principle and interest. This is the lowest cost of interest paid way to go.

2. Or a graduated repayment. Here you start with lower payments that are only interest, but then they will keep increasing.

Usually repayment of your consolidation loans will begin in 60 days and will take from 10 to 30 years to fully pay back.

There are some questions that you should ask the lender before going forward.

- is there a rate reduction, for example for making your payments online or on time?

- does the loan meet your specific needs?

- is that the best interest rate available?

To get a student loan consolidation, you can still be enrolled in school or graduated. Either way, you’ll find many lending options that will fit your needs.
Visit Consolidate loan for more. Ron King is a researcher, writer, and web developer, visit Articles for authors. Copyright 2006 Ron King.

The Basic Truth about Selling Homes in Victoria

April 28, 2009


Simply treat your home as an investment and not as a place where you bond with your family and spend your spare time with them. Your emotion should not be a factor in selling your home; if not, this will certainly be a hindrance.
In Victoria, most of the properties are being sold through real estate agents. Unlike in other states, you have to take a lot of effort just to advertise your home and please the buyers to take it.

However, you must try to consider several factors when getting an agent. And take note that is must be taken prior to your engagement with the buyer. Consider the risks if you will just get somebody who is not an expert on the matter, maybe you will just be hoodwinked.

Take note of these essential reminders:

First, it is important that you are certain and must be fully informed about the terms and conditions on which the agent is to be retained as stated in the agency agreement.

Second, identify whether you are referring to a sole agency, an auction or a general authority to sell. The basis for selling your home will also have variation depending on what condition you have chosen

Third, this is the most complicated part, the commission sharing. Be well-informed about the manner on how it is being calculated. If it is possible to negotiate terms that will also somehow favor you, try to do so.

Lastly, ask whether you will be still held responsible for some additional expenditure such as advertising. It will also concern whether you have a fixed amount that you need to pay or either a limitation.

Like a typical seller, it is necessary for you to provide your buyers with the so called vendors statement that will contain the details of the property. It basically includes the following information- restrictions on title (if applicable), rates, zoning, notices, orders, building approvals and other services connected to the property that must also be included in the papers.
When dealing about home selling tips. Remember these things.

You only make a first impression on the prospect buyer once. Like a person, you are fond of saying first impressions last; this is also true when it comes to your home. Make the most of it. Be sure that the first time that the prospect buyer will visit your place they will already be impressed with the kind of arrangement you have in your home. There is no need for you to buy any expensive ornaments but simply to give them a light impression of your house because of its neat appearance; it is a big thing already. Beautifying and ensuring the security of your home will count a lot to your buyers.

While on the selling price of your home/investment, it also depends on a number of factors, some are:

1. The number of buyers that are available in the real state market that are searching for homes like yours. It is a basic consideration because; you will be depending on your prospect buyers upon selling your home. It is from them where you can gain money.
2. Check on the number of homes listed in the local real state market, homes that are like yours. This is where competition enters, the many homes available, the lesser possibility that your home will be sold. So, you have to make an edge over your competitors.
3. Determine whether the condition of your home is better or not. You must be aware of the competition in the market. Grab all the chances that you can, have your home improved before selling it so you wont have any regret at the end of the day.

There are many factors that you can’t control when selling your home, for example, the supply and demand of houses for sale in your area, but you can control how your home looks when it goes on the market.

You need to do a lot of preparations before you can declare your house as for sale, so its better that you first think about your decision before making a move. Rush sales are only for those who needs the cash fast and is willing to take a loss. Homes in Victoria are too precious and pretty to be just given away at a low price.
Free for sale by owner listings - sell your house for free - You can also search our database of family homes for sale by owner or read a selection of real estate articles and information at Home-Sale.com.au

Getting Started In Real Estate Investing

April 27, 2009


Education in real estate is relatively easy and cheaper to find. There are those who have thorough knowledge about the subject, go on to teaching and organize courses on it. However, it has been a tried and tested theory that if someone wants to be successful, they would have to learn the intricacies of the trade from someone who is more successful than them.

If you want to be a successful real investor, you will have to indulge in a lot of planning. Almost every successful investor has a game plan. The educated investors, who rely only on theory, know how to go about deals, but they have no clue about where the deals are going or why they are being pursued. They randomly chase the opportunities.

By planning, investors take responsibility of their life, finances, expenses and actions. These actions could be the major reason for the success of an investor. Following are some of the actions:

Controlling Debt

Controlling debts means paying debts as soon as possible. Debt tends to become the master of the person and causes sleepless nights, forcing people to hold on to their jobs and do things they would not otherwise do. There are people who stop stashing debts. They dont buy cards and other consumer items or spend on things, unless they have cash for it. There are some who even scale back their lifestyles. Some even move into apartments and some people give up their luxurious lifestyles for sometime, so that they can pursue their dreams. These are people who plan to pay off their debts and do not to accumulate any more.

Knowing What One Wants From Life

It is not common to meet people who know exactly what they want from life. There are many, who have no clue about their lives and some come up with answers like, I would like to make $200,000 per annum or I would like to have $6 million in my bank. When the very same people are asked why, all they can answer is Because I want it. These dreams of wanting something die away when something else tops the want list. People are under this wrong notion that having or making a lot of money would solve all their troubles and offer them a life they always wanted. Over time, society has brandished this idea, making it surreal, yet unbelievable. When people dont know what they are doing, money would make them feel miserable. However, a plan and some money could set them free.

Ability to Focus

Real estate investors have a mindset to be successful quickly. Seldom do people make a plan for being financially free in forty years. Two or three are a common thing. However, the good news is that two or three years could possibly change your life, if you have a certain direction and planning. Without the two, all your years of hard work could go down the drain. Generally, investors who focus find a niche in real estate investment, churn out good profits.
Real Estate Investments are now easy with Realnet USA’s step by step Real Estate Investing process. We help you find your Real Estate Investment, to view live inventory please visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

Horrible Hump Day Can Be Better With A Cash Advance

April 27, 2009


If you are one of the millions of average people who have one of those jobs that allow you to get by, but barely, then no one has to tell you what Hump day is. It is Wednesday of course, the middle of the work week with at least a couple of more days to go until payday. We are usually glad to see Wednesday come around because it means we are half way to the weekend, but that is not always a good thing if you are also out of money about this time.

It has always been a struggle for those of us who have to live on a budget that is so tight that sometimes there is just absolutely no where that you can squeeze out another $50 or $100 bucks to get us through the rest of the week. It can be a bad situation if you need gas just to get back and forth to work so you can get paid on Friday.

People that have better paying jobs may not understand how easy it is to find your self in this situation. Sometimes no matter how hard you try there is just not enough money to go around for the basic necessities of life. If you have no credit and no savings of any kind, there is just no a lot you can do.

Something that is helping many people to make it through these days is payday loans. These businesses are popping up everywhere and are the answer to prayers for some. These businesses offer short term loans for a decent fee that you can get with no credit check. The only requirements at most of these places are your most recent checking account statements and proof that you have a job.

These types of loans will allow you to obtain a small loan, usually up to a few hundred dollars, that can get you through until you get paid again. If you borrow $200 hundred dollars, the fee will normally be about $25 or $30 dollars for two weeks. If you can not repay the loan when it is due, the majority of the businesses will let you pay the fee and set the loan up again.

Now, this might seem like a good idea at the time, and if you are in a real bind, it can be helpful. Just remember that when you take out a payday loan you should never borrow more than you need because it will have to be paid back sooner or later.
Dror Klar is a writer in the field of finances and is currently assisting those in need of cash advances and payday loans, particularly in the state of California.

To Win Or To Fail Tips For Successful Trading

April 26, 2009


Investing money entails a great amount of risk. Like they always say, “It takes money, to make money.”

Money doesn’t grow on trees, you know.

But it doesn’t necessarily mean that to achieve good profits, one has to invest heavily and risk greatly. That is not the case all the time. A well-informed investor can make sound decisions that will help him earn considerable profits with minimal loss.

The first lesson a successful businessman will tell you is that any endeavor carries potential risk along with potential gain. The trick is to determine if the profit is worth the risk. If it is, it is now time to consider if you are willing to take the risk.

So before you start trading, ask yourself this:

a.) What are your achievement goals?
b.) Are your investments going to lose money?
c.) Are you willing to take bigger risks for better profits?

Setting your achievement goals will allow you to know how long you’re willing to wait for a stock to gain profit. It will also give you a limit on how much you’re willing to lose. It will also give you an idea on how to go about investing in a stock.

If you choose a low-return investment, it will mean that either you increase the amount you invest or increase the length of time invested.

After you have made up your mind with the above questions, there are some tips you may want to use to evaluate your trading philosophy.

a.) When to invest. Ordinarily, you want to trade all the time. You get excited when you see shares go up or when they fall down. You make decisions based on a whim and factors that don’t usually affect a stock in the long run. The best traders wait 50% of the time waiting and studying how a stock performs. They do not trade every day and all the time.

b.) Discipline yourself. You are so excited to make trades that you trade on a stock that looks half-decent enough rather than waiting for the best stock to come along.

c.) Small moves big payoffs. Don’t waste time dabbling in so many small stocks with minimal profit. Watch out for big stocks and concentrate on a few.

d.) Do not be too emotional. Making money is exciting. Losing money can get very depressing. Detach yourself from your emotions; otherwise, you won’t be able to look at things objectively.

Trading stocks is a high-risk, high-profit venture. Dabbling in the stock market half-cocked is suicide. Take your time. Study, research and be patient. After all, it’s your money, so it’s your loss.
Find out more about stocks and shares at http://stocksandshares.us

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.